Hi and welcome to the forum!
Well, the docs are not that great, but there are a lot of answers to be found in the forum – or just ask, as you just did!
I don’t own a Patch, only Seeds. but I would guess 0-1. But you can use the Logger class to print out what you get back: Using the Logger class - #3 by StaffanMelin.
Added, answered here: Daisy Patch Input CV voltage and Control Knobs
Sorry, don’t know. Something I haven’t used.
As the ACB returns numbers for the CODEC/audio output, it must finish in time for the next block. The main thread is interrupted if the MCU needs to process audio data.
See discussion here: Programming paradigm: callback vs main - #5 by StaffanMelin
See above!
Usually -1 to 1 (float), but I am not sure about the Patch, sorry.
You are right. The examples are sweet but short. Check out some other projects in the Projects and examples category, and browse around in the forum. And keep asking!
I hope this is at least of some help to you!
Happy coding!